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The straightforward answer to your question is that in Photoshop, once you have sampled the color using the eyedropper tool, it is only stored "in memory".  For that information to be useful, you now have to do something with it. For example, you can use a (Photoshop) brush and paint a swatch with that color, or you can make a little rectangular selection and and then fill the selection area with that color. 

That being said, you might be interested in an on-line service (ie, a website - has nothing to do with Photoshop) that tells you the name/number of the closest yarn to a particular color:

http://cstitch.sourceforge.net/ (general intro)

http://cstitch.sourceforge.net/doc.shtml#colorSelectionMode (details on their color selection mode)

For more details than you probably want to know about selecting appropriate yarns, take a look at this old thread:

https://www.photoshopgurus.com/forum/general-photoshop-board/52832-turning-dataset-into-color-library.html

If you have any further questions, don't hesitate to ask.

Cheers,

Tom M