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Start by painting some black and white blobs.

[ATTACH]58007[/ATTACH]

Smudge / warp / go crazy changing their shape / add more smooth blobby shapes / etc.

[ATTACH]58008[/ATTACH]

Apply a gradient map that looks something like this

[ATTACH]58009[/ATTACH]

To produce a final result like this. 

(Note: I used Topaz Adjust to add the fake thin contour lines, but if you don't like them, just stop at the previous step.

[ATTACH]58010[/ATTACH]

Obviously, you can change the colors to your heart's content, but most scientific false coloring usually starts with cool dark tones for low values of the variable being mapped, and bright, warm tones for high values of the variable (eg, temperature, atmospheric pressure, etc.)

HTH,

Tom M