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Using the Green and Blue Channels to create selections of the atom would have worked if it were not for the gradient/glow.  There's the tendency of producing banded and inaccurate colors.

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I duplicated the atom layer copy created using the Blue Channel a few times so you can see the banded and pixelated glow. Incidentally, I brushed in the black fill in the orbits (layer7).

 @Boogey....

You're best bet is to recreate the atom as IamSam suggested. 

If you are unable to do this, the next option is to isolate/extract the atom image itself by using the pen tool to create selections along the orbit path as well as using the Ellipse tool to select the nucleus and electrons.  Try and minimize stray pixels of the black background and gradient glow so you'll have a clean atom copy.  Then add in the glow by adding a drop shadow or outer glow effect on a duplicate of the nucleus layer with desired blue.

That eclipse image is even worse to isolate as it turns out blotchy, weird and ultra banded on a different color background. :banghead:  It may be possible to do it using the techniques previously mentioned by the others...... 

Maybe I'll experiment on it again later in the day......